KurzmitteilungenPassiflora and Lime-blossomsMotility Effects after Inhalation of the Essential Oils and of Some of the Main Constituents in Animal Experiment.
код для вставкиСкачать247 Passiflora and Lime-Blossoms Kurzmitteilungen: Passiflora and Lime-blossoms:Motility Effects after Inhalation of the Essential Oils and of Some of the Main Constituents in Animal Experiment Passionsblume und Lindenbliiten: Motorik bei Tieren nach Inhalation der atherischen Ole und einiger Hauptbestandteile G. Buchbauer*,L. Jirovetz, and W. Jager Institute of PharmaceuticalChemistry,University of Vienna, WthingerstraBe 10, A-I090 Vienna, Austria Received October 21.1991 Only a few authors have examined the composition of the essential oils of Passzji'ora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae) and Tilia cordata MiUJTilia platophyllos Scop. (Tiliaceae)14). These drugs, used in folk medicine for their sedative propertie^'.^'^), have not been studied in detail at all. Only the sedative effects of maltol (l),one of the volatile constituents of Passifzora, and benzyl alcohol (2), one of the volatile constituents of Tilia, were mentioned' 3,5),though there has not been any research of the effects after an aromatherapeutical application (inhalation: for the correct definition of the term "aromatherapy"see lit.@). In this study the influence upon motility of mice by inhalation only of the essential oils and some of its constituents (Passiflora: maltol and 2-phenylethanol(3); Tilia: benzaldehyde (4) and benzyl alcohol) was investigated. Additional inhalation experiments with the mentioned fragrances after an induced over-agitation of the mice, caused by an i.p.-ap plication of caffeine, were performed. ChromatographicMethods Gaschromatography: GC-14A with FID (Shimadzu Comp.) and C-R6AChromatopacintegrator; 30 m bonded FSOT RSL-200 (PDMS) fused silica column with 0.32 mm i.d. and 0.25 pm film thickness: hydrogen; temperatures: injector: 25OOC; detector: 320°C; temp.-programme: 40"Cn min to 28OoC/5 min with a heating-rate of 6"C/min. Quantification of the volatile components in the blood samples was accomplished by the use of tiglinic acid benzyl ester as internal standard (4 samples = 1 test group were pooled after standard extraction procedure''*)). GC-MS: HP-5890 GC with HP-597023 MSD and data system 5997OC Chem Station (Hewlett-Packard Comp.): 70 eV, 35-450 amu; interface heating: 280°C: other parameters see GC. GC-Fl'IR: HP-5890 GC with HP-5965 A IRD (MCT detector) and data system 5997OC Chem Station (Hewlett-Packard Comp.); 840-4000 cm-'; interface heating: 250°C; other parameters: see GC. 0 1 3 R=CHzOH R=CH2CH20H 4 R=CHO 2 After the motility-tests blood was taken and analyzed after a mild extraction procedure7**)by GC-MS (MID) and GCFTIR (SWC) to identify and by GC-FID to quantify possible volatiles in the blood*). We gratefully acknowledge the animal experiments by Dr.H. Dierrich and F. Mayer, University of Innsbruck, Central Lab. Animal Facilities, the Inshumentation Support by the Austrian Fonds zur Firrderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (projects P8299CHE and F"587CHE) and the support of Dragoco-Vienna. Experimental Part Material 1 kg of Herba Passiflorae (U.S.A.) and 1 kg of Flores Tiliae (France), (both drugs supplied by Mag. Kottas-HeldenbergComp., Vienna), respectively, were steam distilled with a yield of about 3 g of the essential oil of Passiflora and 0.4 g of Tilia. *) Fig. 1:Values of motor activity (control = 100%) of mice after inhalation experiments with fragrances. MID = multiple ion detection and SWC = selected wavelength chromatogramme. Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim)325,247-248 (1992) OVCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-6940 Weinheim, 1992 0365-6233/92/0404-0247 $3.50 + .25/0 Buchbauer, Jirovetz. and Jtiger Parameters for the motility testings by animal experiments under standardized conditionswere used according to lit?'). Results and Discussion The inhalation-experiments with mice using the essential oil of Herba Passiflorae as well as its main constituents maltol and 2-phenylethanol showed no significant decrease of the motility of the animals (Fig. l), while the use of benzyl alcohol and especially of lime-blossoms or benzaldehyde decreased motility down to 55% (benzaldehyde; control 100%). The decrease of motility after caffeine application was caused by all fragrances (but surprisingly it was not significant for lime-blossoms) in a range from 76% @enzyl alcohol) down to 50% (maltol) in respect to the control value of 100%(Fig. 2). Table 1: Used ion traces (GC-MSI and wavelength values (GC-FTLR) for the detection and identification (retention-time correlations hy coinjection of pure substances) of the fragrance compounds. Quantificationof them in the blood samples of mice after inhalation experiments by GC-FIDwith IS in ng/ml serum range. Component nLJml serum. G U M S (MID) m/z (amu) GCDR (SWC) cm-' Passiflora 2-Phenylethanol Maltol 91; 122 3660 n.d. 1.23 n.d. Lime-blossoms Benzyl alcohol Benzaldehyde 91; 106; 108 79; 108 77; 106 1730; 3660 3660 1730 0.19l) 1.21 0.12 * GC-FID n.d.: not detected tenzyl alcohol (2-phenylethanol) is near the detection limits of the used chromatographic-spectroscopicsystems. In conclusion we can report that under normal test conditions as well as under caffeine produced over-agitation the essential oil of lime-blossoms and its constituent benzyl alcohol decrease the motility of test animals in inhalation experiments. The essential oil of Herba Passiflorae, maltol and 2-phenylethanol, in contrast, decrease the motility of test animals only after caffeine caused overagitation. In the blood samples of mice after the inhalation experiments with the fragrances only in the case of 2-phenylethanol, limeblossoms, benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol low concentrations (0.12 to 1.23 ng/ml serum) of volatiles could be identified and quantified. For the first time we could confirm the sedative properties of the essential oils of lime-blossoms and Herba Passiflora in inhalation experiments and justify the use in aramatherapeutical applications. References Fig. 2: Values of motor activity of mice after an induced over-agitation by an i q . application of caffeine (control = 100%). Only in blood samples of the mice after inhalation experiments with 2-phenylethanol, lime-blossoms, benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde (Tab. 1) volatiles could be detected, identified (GC-MS, G C - m ) , and quantified (GC-FID with IS). The range of 0.12 (benzaldehyde) to 1.23 ndml J. Lutomski, E. Segiet, K. Szpunar, and K. Grisse, Phatm. unserer Zeit 10,45 (198 1). N. Aoyagi, R. Kimura, and T. Murata, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22, 1008 (1974). M. Wichtl, in: Teedrogen (M.Wichtl ed.). 2"d ed., p. 312 and 362, Wiss. Verlagsges.m.b.H., Stuttgan 1989. G. Buchbauer and L.Jirovetz, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg., in press. D.L.J.Opdyke, Food Comet. Toxicol. 11, 1011 (1973); C.A. 81, 54261b (1974). 0.Buchbauer, (2sterr. Apoth. Ztg. 43.65 (1989); Perf. & Rav. 15. 47 (1990). L. Jimvetz, G. Buchbauer, W. Jiiger. V. Raverdino, and A. Nikifomv, Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 338,922 (I 990). G. Buchbauer, L. Jirovek W. Jlger. H. Dietrich, Ch. Plank, and E. Karamat, 2.Naturforsch. 46C. 1067 (1991). K.A. Kovar, B. Gropper, D.Friess, and H.P.T. A m o n , Planca Med. 53,315 (1987). [KPh573] Arch. Pharm. (WeinheimJ 325,247-248 (1992)
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